It was built by Ali-Shir Nava'i in the 16th century and later on underwent a total renovation during the rule of Reza Shah in 1940. Eventually, he abandoned his pharmacy store and traveled widely - to Baghdad, Basra, Kufa, Mecca, Medina, Damascus, Khwarizm, Turkistan, and India, meeting with Sufi Shaykhs - and returned promoting Sufi ideas. [4] Attar's lyrics express the same ideas that are elaborated in his epics. In terms of form and content, it has some similarities with Bird Parliament. Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges, used in one of his short stories, The Approach to Al-Mu'tasim, a summary of The Conference of the Birds as a reference. He is mentioned by only two of his contemporaries, `Awfi and Tusi. 286 ff, “Persian Poetry, Sufism and Ismailism: The Testimony of Khwajah Qasim Tushtari's Recognizing God.”, quoted in H. Ritter, "Philologika X," pp. Offizielle Website Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 17. Richard Lubanski), Marie Lumpp (Ingrid Lubanski), David Jakobs (Bruno Lubanski), Shari Lynn Stewen (alt. While the mathnawi genre of poetry may use a variety of different metres, Attar adopted a particular meter, that was later imitated by Rumi in his famous Mathnawi-yi Ma’nawi, which then became the mathnawi metre par excellence. But despite their trepidations, they begin the great journey. According to Edward G. Browne, Attar as well as Rumi and Sana'i, were Sunni as evident from the fact that their poetry abounds with praise for the first two caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattāb - who are detested by Shia mysticism. 1590–1610), in ink, opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper, dimensions 25,4 x 11,4 cm.[21]. Although his heroes are for the most part Sufis and ascetics, he also introduces stories from historical chronicles, collections of anecdotes, and all types of high-esteemed literature. Each of these desires is discussed first literally, and shown to be absurd, and then it is explained how there is an esoteric interpretation of each one. Information about Attar's life is rare and scarce. [19]":[20] 17-18. Iranian polymer and petrochemical institute journal. [4] The people he helped in the pharmacy used to confide their troubles in `Attar and this affected him deeply. ), Sabine Schreittmiller (u/s), Susanna Panzner (u/s), Valerie Link, Jörn Linnenbröker, Ulrich Allroggen (u/s), Harald Kratochwil (u/s), Detlef Leistenschneider, Claudia Rinner, Dörte Niedermeier, Rommel Singson, Michael Clauder Mamma Mia Hamburg 12.08. Eine Freundin steht der Schwangeren zur Seite! [5] There are many more examples of such subtle symbols and allusions throughout the Mantiq. 147-53, "The Concourse of the Birds", Folio 11r from a Mantiq al-tair (Language of the Birds), The Met, Can Literature Save the World? Abū Ḥamīd bin Abū Bakr Ibrāhīm (c. 1145 – c. 1221; Persian: ابو حامد بن ابوبکر ابراهیم ‎), better known by his pen-names Farīd ud-Dīn (فرید الدین) and ʿAṭṭār (عطار, Attar means apothecary), was a Persian poet, theoretician of Sufism, and hagiographer from Nishapur who had an immense and lasting influence on Persian poetry and Sufism. [12] In explaining his thoughts, 'Attar uses material not only from specifically Sufi sources but also from older ascetic legacies. Within the larger context of the story of the journey of the birds, Attar masterfully tells the reader many didactic short, sweet stories in captivating poetic style. [15], Attar’s most famous poem by far is his Conference of the Birds (Mantiq al-tayr). erwachsenen Straftätern. 1. Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, and Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 [22], Mukhtār-Nāma (Persian: مختار نامه‎), a wide-ranging collection of quatrains (2088 in number). Abū Ḥamīd bin Abū Bakr Ibrāhīm (c. 1145 – c. 1221; Persian: ابو حامد بن ابوبکر ابراهیم‎), better known by his pen-names Farīd ud-Dīn (فرید الدین) and ʿAṭṭār (عطار, Attar means apothecary), was a Persian[3][4][5] poet, theoretician of Sufism, and hagiographer from Nishapur who had an immense and lasting influence on Persian poetry and Sufism. The nature of the other two, entitled Kašf al-Asrār (کشف الاسرار) and Maʿrifat al-Nafs (معرفت النفس), remains unknown.[18]. Hamburg 06.06.2007Annika Bruhns (alt. They eventually come to understand that the majesty of that Beloved is like the sun that can be seen reflected in a mirror. Judging from `Attar's writings, he approached the available Aristotelian heritage with skepticism and dislike. There are also some Qasida ("Odes"), but they amount to less than one-seventh of the Divan. The first son asks for the daughter of the king of the fairies, the second for the mastery of magic, the third for the cup of Jamshid, which has the property of displaying the whole world, the fourth for the water of life, the fifth for the ring of Solomon, which has control over fairies and demons, and the sixth for mastering alchemy. His works were the inspiration of Rumi and many other mystic poets. Cast: Maricel (alt. Like many of his other poems, it is in the mathnawi genre of rhyming couplets. The story is about a king who is confronted with the materialistic and worldly demands of his six sons. [10] According to Annemarie Schimmel, the tendency among Shia authors to include leading mystical poets such as Rumi and Attar among their own ranks, became stronger after the introduction of Twelver Shia as the state religion in the Safavid Empire in 1501. kriminelle Karriere noch verhindern lässt - anders als etwa bei Daadbeh, Asghar and Melvin-Koushki, Matthew, “ʿAṭṭār Nīsābūrī”, in: Farīd al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār, in Encyclopædia Britannica, online edition - accessed December 2012. In the introductions of Mukhtār-Nāma (مختارنامه) and Khusraw-Nāma (خسرونامه), Attar lists the titles of further products of his pen: He also states, in the introduction of the Mukhtār-Nāma, that he destroyed the Jawāhir-Nāma' and the Šarḥ al-Qalb with his own hand. 1: 751-755. "A. J. Arberry, "Sufism: An Account of the Mystics ", Courier Dover Publications, Nov 9, 2001. p. 141, Sholeh Wolpé, "The Conference of the Birds" W. W. Norton & Co, 2017, First edition p. 5, F. Meier, "Der Geistmensch bei dem persischen Dichter `Attar", Eranos-Jahrbuch 13, 1945, pp. Rumi praises `Attar as follows: Attar has roamed through the seven cities of love while we have barely turned down the first street.[24]. The Ubuntu Theater Project in Berkeley California premiered an adaptation of Attar's The Conference of the Birds by Sholeh Wolpe, in Oakland, California. Cast: Julius (Matthias Lubanski), Tanja Schön (u/s Christa Lubanski), Patrick Imhof (alt. The hoopoe tells the birds that they have to cross seven valleys in order to reach the abode of Simorgh. Today it is the official language of. Written and compiled throughout much of his life and published before his death, the compelling account of the execution of the mystic Mansur al-Hallaj, who had uttered the words "I am the Truth" in a state of ecstatic contemplation, is perhaps the most well known extract from the book. Collection at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Marie Antoinette), Sabrina Weckerlin (Margrid Arnaud), Ethan Freeman (Cagliostro), Patrick Stanke (Graf Axel von Fersen), Tim Reichwein (Louis XVI. The Diwan of Attar (Persian: دیوان عطار‎) consists almost entirely of poems in the Ghazal ("lyric") form, as he collected his Ruba'i ("quatrains") in a separate work called the Mokhtar-nama. [4] His talent for perception of deeper meanings behind outward appearances enables him to turn details of everyday life into illustrations of his thoughts. The King tries to show the temporary and senseless desires of his six sons by retelling them a large number of spiritual stories. These valleys are as follows:[19][20], Sholeh Wolpé writes, "When the birds hear the description of these valleys, they bow their heads in distress; some even die of fright right then and there. [13][14] He did not seem to want to reveal the secrets of nature. Die Straßencops – Jugend im Visier läuft immer werktags um 07:00 Uhr bei RTL II. PubMed Central is a free full-text archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature at the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine (NIH/NLM). The Ilāhī-Nama (Persian: الهی نامه‎) or Elāhī-Nāmeh is another famous poetic work of Attar, consisting of 6500 verses. Schon als Kind faszinierte Farid der Beruf des Polizisten. den Job vor allem seine riesige Vielfalt aus. Therefore, by profession he was similar to a modern-day town doctor and pharmacist. [16]. Paul Ackermann), Mark Weigel (Sepp Herberger/Bohse), Michael Ophelders (alt. The piece received its first performance by Saba Orchestra and the vocalist Khatereh Parvaneh at the National Television in Tehran. Yet, whoever looks into that mirror will also behold his or her own image." [9] Attar was a Sunni Muslim.[10]. According to Idries Shah, China as used here, is not the geographical China, but the symbol of mystic experience, as inferred from the Hadith (declared weak by Ibn Adee, but still used symbolically by some Sufis): "Seek knowledge; even as far as China". In the poem, the birds of the world gather to decide who is to be their sovereign, as they have none. Attar's masterful use of symbolism is a key, driving component of the poem. [11] At the age of 78, Attar died a violent death in the massacre which the Mongols inflicted on Nishapur in April 1221. Several musical artists have albums or songs which share the name of his most famous work, Conference of the Birds, as well as the themes of enlightenment contained therein. Finally, only thirty birds make it to the abode of Simorgh. Doch wenn eine 16-Jährige von den Eltern vor die Tür gesetzt wird, greifen sie sofort ein. They are sometimes modeled after Sanai. In the current-held view of energy sustainability, the simultaneous generation of both power and hydrogen (H 2) using the coal gasification process, which meanwhile coupled to a carbon dioxide (CO 2)-capturing unit to avoid the release of waste CO 2 into the atmosphere, have been of paramount importance [].H 2-based energy systems are an invaluable source of energy … His lyric poetry does not significantly differ from that of his narrative poetry, and the same may be said of the rhetoric and imagery. The Ghazals often seem from their outward vocabulary just to be love and wine songs with a predilection for libertine imagery, but generally imply spiritual experiences in the familiar symbolic language of classical Islamic Sufism. The idiosyncrasy of `Attar's presentations invalidates his works as sources for study of the historical persons whom he introduces. `Attar means herbalist, druggist, perfumist or alchemist, and during his lifetime in Persia, much of medicine and drugs were based on herbs. Excerpt: "ATTAR, FARID AL-DIN MUHAMMAD B. IBRAHIM.Persian mystical poet. Er ist optimistisch, dass sich bei vielen Jugendlichen eine echte From childhood onward Attar, encouraged by his father, was interested in the Sufis and their sayings and way of life, and regarded their saints as his spiritual guides. In 1963 the Persian composer Hossein Dehlavi wrote a piece for voice and orchestra on Attar's 'Forugh-e Eshgh'. In its introduction `Attar mentions three other works of his, including one entitled Šarḥ al-Qalb, presumably the same that he destroyed. Sadeeya Isma'il Isah - Sadeeya J Adam; Sadeeya Ja'afar - Sadeeya Jibreel Umar; Sadeeya Jibreen Abubakar - Sadeeya Jibrin SUlaiman; Sadeeya Jibrin Sulaiman - Sadeeya K Al Notably, jazz bassist David Holland's album, which was written as a metaphor for his own enlightenment, and Om's Conference of the Birds, which deals with extremely esoteric themes often connected with metaphors of flight, inward vision, destruction of self, and oneness with the cosmos. [4] At the same time, the mystic Persian poet Rumi has mentioned: "Attar was the spirit, Sanai his eyes twain, And in time thereafter, Came we in their train"[7] and mentions in another poem: Attar traveled through all the seven cities of love, While I am only at the bend of the first alley..[8], `Attar was probably the son of a prosperous chemist, receiving an excellent education in various fields. Schon als Kind faszinierte Farid der Beruf des Polizisten. August 2020 um 01:17 Uhr bearbeitet. He wrote a collection of lyrical poems and number of long poems in the philosophical tradition of Islamic mysticism, as well as a prose work with biographies and sayings of famous Muslim mystics. Paintings by Habiballah of Sava (active ca. Für ihn macht Annette Ackermann), Patrick A. Stamme (alt. Farid Nikazar; Henning Liebig; Katja Holl; Alexander Becker; Sven Gruber; Timo Brecht; Ausstrahlung. On translating Attar, Attar in Encyclopedia Iranica by B. Reinert, Deewan-e-Attar in original Persian single pdf file uploaded by javed Hussen, Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress, Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Attar_of_Nishapur&oldid=991018222, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from September 2019, Articles with dead external links from February 2012, Articles containing Persian-language text, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, R. M. Chopra, 2014, " Great Poets of Classical Persian ", Sparrow Publication, Kolkata (, This page was last edited on 27 November 2020, at 20:54. This adroit handling of symbolisms and allusions can be seen reflected in these lines: It was in China, late one moonless night, The Simorgh first appeared to mortal sight – Beside the symbolic use of the Simorgh, the allusion to China is also very significant. Cookies erleichtern unter anderem die Bereitstellung unserer Dienste und helfen uns bei der Ausspielung von redaktionellen und werblichen Inhalten sowie der Analyse des Nutzerverhaltens. Möglicherweise unterliegen die Inhalte jeweils zusätzlichen Bedingungen. According to Reinert: It seems that he was not well known as a poet in his own lifetime, except at his home town, and his greatness as a mystic, a poet, and a master of narrative was not discovered until the 15th century. In 1990 the opera singer Hossein Sarshar performed this piece as well which its recording is available. `Attar, along with Sanai were two of the greatest influences on Rumi in his Sufi views. The hoopoe leads the birds, each of whom represents a human fault which prevents human kind from attaining enlightenment. Folio from an illustrated manuscript dated c.1600. He obviously had no motive for sharing his expert knowledge in the manner customary among court panegyrists, whose type of poetry he despised and never practiced. Der Text ist unter der Lizenz „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“ verfügbar; Informationen zu den Urhebern und zum Lizenzstatus eingebundener Mediendateien (etwa Bilder oder Videos) können im Regelfall durch Anklicken dieser abgerufen werden. On the way, many perish of thirst, heat or illness, while others fall prey to wild beasts, panic, and violence. The hoopoe, the wisest of them all, suggests that they should find the legendary Simorgh. [6] Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr [The Conference of the Birds] and Ilāhī-Nāma [The Book of Divine] are among his most famous works. The first recorded use of this metre for a mathnawi poem took place at the Nizari Ismaili fortress of Girdkuh between 1131-1139. Rumi has mentioned both of them with the highest esteem several times in his poetry. [4] Today, his mausoleum is located in Nishapur. 2007 In the Mokhtar-nama, a coherent group of mystical and religious subjects is outlined (search for union, sense of uniqueness, distancing from the world, annihilation, amazement, pain, awareness of death, etc. It likely set the stage for later poetry in this style by mystics such as Attar and Rumi. Weblinks. The Tadhkirat-ul-Awliyā, a hagiographic collection of Muslim saints and mystics, is Attar's only known prose work. Er ist optimistisch, dass sich bei vielen Jugendlichen eine echte kriminelle Karriere noch verhindern lässt - anders als etwa bei erwachsenen Straftätern. Introduction. Überfall im Linienbus | Kiosk-Klau-Kids | Vermeintliche Vergewaltigung. Der Teenie ist ungewollt schwanger und kann jede Hilfe gebrauchen. As sources on the hagiology and phenomenology of Sufism, however, his works have immense value. ), and an equally rich group of themes typical of lyrical poetry of erotic inspiration adopted by mystical literature (the torment of love, impossible union, beauty of the loved one, stereotypes of the love story as weakness, crying, separation).[23]. Contemporary Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. Request PDF | Trace amounts of Cu2+ ions influence ROS production and cytotoxicity of ZnO quantum dots | 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) was used as ligand to prepare ZnO@APTMS, Cu2+ … The thoughts depicted in `Attar's works reflects the whole evolution of the Sufi movement. Für ihn macht den Job vor allem seine riesige Vielfalt aus. Ritter, H. (1986), “Attar”, Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Ed., vol. While his works say little else about his life, they tell us that he practiced the profession of pharmacy and personally attended to a very large number of customers. Mit der Nutzung unserer Dienste erklären Sie sich damit einverstanden, dass wir Cookies verwenden. `Attar is one of the most famous mystic poets of Iran. [4] One work is missing from these lists, namely the Tadhkirat-ul-Awliyā, which was probably omitted because it is a prose work; its attribution to `Attar is scarcely open to question. His Qasidas expound upon mystical and ethical themes and moral precepts. The Direct Electron Transfer of Iron‐Containing Superoxide Dismutase (Fe‐SOD) and its Catalysis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (RTILs) on a Gold Electrode However, all sources confirm that he was from Nishapur, a major city of medieval Khorasan (now located in the northeast of Iran), and according to `Awfi, he was a poet of the Seljuq period. Such knowledge is only brought into his works in contexts where the theme of a story touches on a branch of the natural sciences. The starting point is the idea that the body-bound soul's awaited release and return to its source in the other world can be experienced during the present life in mystic union attainable through inward purification. 'Attar also means rose oil. Die Straßencops sind einiges gewohnt. This is particularly remarkable in the case of medicine, which fell well within the scope of his professional expertise as pharmacist. Farid Nikazar. In the end, the birds learn that they themselves are the Simorgh; the name “Simorgh” in Persian means thirty (si) birds (morgh). Microsofts Internet Explorer wird von uns nicht länger unterstützt. The full text of all research papers published since 1992 are listed below. Although the contemporary sources confirm only `Attar's authorship of the Dīwān and the Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr, there are no grounds for doubting the authenticity of the Mukhtār-Nāma and Khusraw-Nāma and their prefaces. `Attar was a pen-name which he took for his occupation.

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