Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? Premium Membership is now 50% off! Land) [commonly, referred to as Bundeslander (federal states)]. The lowest point (natural) in Germany is : Neuendorf-Sachsenbande in Wilstermarsch at 3.54 m (11.6 ft) below sea-level. Germany Coronavirus update with statistics and graphs: total and new cases, deaths per day, mortality and recovery rates, current active cases, recoveries, trends and timeline. It is also the most populous city of EU. These barrier islands provide a small level of protection from the North Sea. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Germany agreed to take 40,000 Kosovar refugees, the most of any NATO country. The Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, Austria, The Czech Republic, Luxembourg, Poland. In East Germany this boundary was, until the fall of its communist government in 1989, marked by defenses designed to prevent escape. Although Berlin was a flashpoint between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, the city declined in national and international significance until 1989–90, when a popular and peaceful uprising toppled the East German government and soon after restored a united Berlin as the capital of a reunified Germany. Save 50% off a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Across Germany a large series of man-made canals join navigable rivers, creating thousands of miles of interconnecting inland waterways. It is positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. In the far south the land remains mostly hilly, with heavily forested mountains. This devotion to hard work has combined with a public demeanour—which is at once reserved and assertive—to produce a stereotype of the German people as aloof and distant. Before unification there were 11 West German Länder (including West Berlin, which had the special status of a Land without voting rights), but, with the accession of East Germany, there are now 16 Länder in the unified republic. The above outline map represents Germany, a Central European nation. Germany is bordered by 9 Nations: by Denmark in the north; by Poland and Czech Republic in the east; by Austria in the southeast; by Switzerland in the southwest; by France, Luxembourg and Belgium in the west; and by Netherlands in the northwest. The Baltic Sea is hillier with some jagged cliffs. ), Motor vehicles, machinery, chemicals, computer and electronic products, electrical equipment, pharmaceuticals, metals, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, rubber and plastic products. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In Germany, you can buy beer at McDonald's. Stretched along the northern coastline, the Frisian Islands, East and North are separated from the mainland by the Waddenmeer. 25 Highest Income Earning Countries In The World, 18 January 1871 (establishment of the German Empire); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed on 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed on 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; West Germany and East Germany unified on 3 October 1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights on 15 March 1991; notable earlier dates: 10 August 843 (Eastern Francia established from the division of the Carolingian Empire); 2 February 962 (crowning of OTTO I, recognized as the first Holy Roman Emperor), Austria 801 km, Belgium 133 km, Czech Republic 704 km, Denmark 140 km, France 418 km, Luxembourg 128 km, Netherlands 575 km, Poland 467 km, Switzerland 348 km, Temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind, German 87.2%, Turkish 1.8%, Polish 1%, Syrian 1%, other 9% (2017 est. As observed on the map above, the country is drained by dozens of rivers. Black Friday Sale! Germany Bordering Countries: The uplands continue eastward, eventually rising into the Ore Mountains on the Czech Republic border. If it’s on paper, we convert it into reality. They're used for commercial and local traffic, and by large fleets of cruising riverboats and charter barges. The Bohemian Forest covers a lower mountain range along the Czech Republic border, and along the country's far-southwestern border with the Rhine River and France stands the thick (story-book famous) Black Forest. It covers an area of 357,022 km2(137,847 sq mi). Further south the rounded hills and mountains of the Eifel and Huynsruck uplands front the Rhine River Valley. The victorious powers divided Germany into four zones of occupation and later into two countries: the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), separated for more than 40 years by a long boundary. The North Sea coastline is low, marshy wetland, with dikes, mudflats and scattered islands. How Much Are Movie Tickets Around The World? The name Germany has long described not a particular place but the loose, fluid polity of Germanic-speaking peoples that held sway over much of western Europe north of the Alps for millennia. Giving the Nazi salute is illegal in Germany. After gaining power in 1933, Hitler established the Third Reich and soon thereafter embarked on a ruinous crusade to conquer Europe and exterminate Jews, Roma (Gypsies), homosexuals, and others. Economic depression, widespread unemployment, and political strife that verged on civil war followed, leading to the collapse of the progressive Weimar Republic and the rise of the Nazi Party under Adolf Hitler. For in our country everything is geared to growth. Germany, the most populous nation in the European Union, possesses one of the largest economies in the world and has seen its role in the international community grow steadily since reunification. The land then rises into the forested uplands of central Germany. At the spiritual heart of the country is the magnificent east-central city of Berlin, which rose phoenixlike from the ashes of World War II and now, after decades of partition, is the capital of a reunified Germany, and the Rhine River, which flows northward from Switzerland and is celebrated in visual art, literature, folklore, and song. Author of. As observed on the physical map of Germany, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. The constitution of the republic, adopted in 1949 by West Germany, created a federal system that gives significant government powers to its constituent Länder (states). Germany, country of north-central Europe. Covering an area of 357, 022 sq. Overview of the decision to make Berlin—rather than Bonn—the capital of reunified Germany. Located in north eastern Germany, in the east of Elbe River is, Berlin – the capital and the largest city of Germany. With an area of 357,022 sq. Even in our dreams we’re productive. Tensions became especially acute in the second decade of the 21st century, when more than one million migrants entered Germany in the wake of the revolutions of the Arab Spring and the Syrian Civil War. The North European Plain extends across the northern reaches of the country; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by numerous bogs, rivers and streams, and is mostly used as farmland. Germany joined the other NATO allies in the military conflict in Kosovo in 1999. In alphabetical order, the states are: Baden-Wuerttemberg, Bayern (Bavaria), Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hessen (Hesse), Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania), Niedersachsen (Lower Saxony), Nordrhein-Westfalen (North Rhine – Westphalia), Rheinland-Pfalz (Rhineland-Palatinate), Saarland, Sachsen (Saxony), Sachsen-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt), Schleswig-Holstein and Thueringen (Thuringia). Germany is located in central Europe. Clearly, modern Germany struggles to balance its national interests with those of an influx of political and economic refugees from far afield, especially North Africa, Turkey, and South Asia, an influx that has fueled ethnic tensions and swelled the ranks of nationalist political parties, particularly in eastern Germany, where unemployment was double that of the west. The Federal Republic has been a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since 1955 and was a founding member of the European Economic Community (see European Union). The above blank map represents Germany, a country located in Central Europe.The above map can be downloaded, printed and used for educational purposes like map-pointing activities and coloring. Sort out the random interesting facts about countries around the world. It is also the 2nd most populous country in Europe and the most populous member-state of EU. Moving eastward through Germany, the Vogelsberg Mountains, Rhon Plateau (or Mts.) ), Roman Catholic 27.7%, Protestant 25.5%, Muslim 5.1%, Orthodox 1.9%, other Christian 1.1%, other .9%, none 37.8% (2018 est. Matters of national importance, such as defense and foreign affairs, are reserved to the federal government. Germany, officially Federal Republic of Germany, German Deutschland or Bundesrepublik Deutschland, country of north-central Europe, traversing the continent’s main physical divisions, from the outer ranges of the Alps northward across the varied landscape of the Central German Uplands and then across the North German Plain. For us enough is never enough. Omissions? One of Europe’s largest countries, Germany encompasses a wide variety of landscapes: the tall, sheer mountains of the south; the sandy, rolling plains of the north; the forested hills of the urbanized west; and the plains of the agricultural east. The Bavarian Alps, the highest mountains in Germany stretch across its southern border with Austria. The largest lakes include Chiemsee and Muritz, and Lake Constance along the Swiss border in the south. We always want more. Yet Germans prize both their private friendships and their friendly relations with neighbours and visitors, place a high value on leisure and culture, and enjoy the benefits of life in a liberal democracy that has become ever more integrated with and central to a united Europe. That overseas empire was dismantled following Germany’s defeat in World War I and the abdication of Emperor William II. This page was last updated on November 9, 2020, All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com. The city of Frankfurt is the financial center of the country, while the city of Ruhr is the largest urban area in Germany. At both the state and federal levels, parliamentary democracy prevails. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Since World War II, Germany has made great efforts to both commemorate the victims and redress the crimes of the Holocaust, providing strong material and political support for the state of Israel and actively prosecuting hate crimes and the propagation of neo-Nazi doctrine; the latter became an issue in the 1990s with the rise in Germany of anti-immigrant skinhead groups and the availability of Hitler’s Mein Kampf over the Internet. Which country claims "Waltzing Matilda" as their unofficial anthem? Rugen, Germany's largest island, is forested and rather hilly with steep cliffs and sandy beaches. Germany has a museum dedicated to snoring. A portion of Germany's highways have no speed limit. Freistaat), while Bremen calls itself a Free Hanseatic City (Freie Hansestadt) and Hamburg considers itself a Free and Hanseatic City (Freie und Hansestadt)]. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The 185 square miles (480 square km) of the “island” of West Berlin were similarly ringed from 1961 to 1989 by the Berlin Wall running through the city and by a heavily guarded wire-mesh fence in the areas abutting the East German countryside. Major landforms here include the volcanic in origin Harz Mountains and the thickly wooded Rothaargebirge Mountains. Updates? Although Germany existed as a loose polity of Germanic-speaking peoples for millennia, a united German nation in roughly its present form dates only to 1871. The largest of the states is Bavaria (Bayern), the richest is Baden-Württemberg, and the most populous is North Rhine–Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen). Rising in the Alps of Switzerland, it's overall length runs (820 miles) (1,319 km), and along it path numerous tributaries and branches stretch in all directionsAnother river of note is the Danube, which rises in the Black Forest to then stretch across central Europe all the way to the Black Sea.Additional rivers of size include the Elbe, Ems, Havel, Isr, Lahn, Lech, Main, Moselle, Oder, Spree and Weser. [Note: Bayern, Sachsen and Thueringen refer to themselves as Free states (Freistaaten, sing. All are centrepieces of Germany’s thriving tourist economy, which brings millions of visitors to the country each year, drawn by its natural beauty, history, culture, and cuisine (including its renowned wines and beers). Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. West Germany’s rapid economic recovery in the 1950s (Wirtschaftswunder, or “economic miracle”) brought it into a leading position among the world’s economic powers, a position that it has maintained. It is 2,962 m (9,718 ft) tall and has been marked on the map by a yellow upright triangle. Chichele Professor of Modern History, University of Oxford, 1974–83; Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. The states are further divided into 401 administrative districts, of which there are 294 rural districts (Kreise) and 107 urban districts (Kreisfreie Stadte). In the northeast, and then stretching to the south of Berlin, Germany's land remains sandy and punctuated by dozens of mostly small lakes formed by retreating glaciers during the last Ice Age. km, it is the 7th largest country in Europe. The Third Reich disintegrated in 1945, brought down by the Allied armies of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, France, and other countries. Much of Germany’s post-World War II success has been the result of the renowned industriousness and self-sacrifice of its people, about which novelist Günter Grass, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1999, remarked, “To be a German is to make the impossible possible.” He added, more critically. km, Germany is the 7th largest country in Europe. What country has the largest Muslim population? This so-called Second Reich quickly became Europe’s leading power and acquired colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. During the four decades of partition, the Federal Republic concluded a number of agreements with the Soviet Union and East Germany, which it supported to some extent economically in return for various concessions with regard to humanitarian matters and access to Berlin. We’re never satisfied. By size, Germany is the seventh-largest European country. Germany (officially, the Federal Republic of Germany) is divided into 16 states (Lander, sing. Modern Germany is a liberal democracy that has become ever more integrated with and central to a … and Thuringian Forest are the dominate features. Along its banks and those of its principal tributaries—among them the Neckar, Main, Moselle, and Ruhr—stand hundreds of medieval castles, churches, picturesque villages, market towns, and centres of learning and culture, including Heidelberg, the site of one of Europe’s oldest universities (founded in 1386), and Mainz, historically one of Europe’s most important publishing centres. Although Germany in that sense is an ancient entity, the German nation in more or less its present form came into being only in the 19th century, when Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck brought together dozens of German-speaking kingdoms, principalities, free cities, bishoprics, and duchies to form the German Empire in 1871. The northern fringe of the Central German Uplands, Modern economic history: from partition to reunification, The rise of the Carolingians and Boniface, The Ottonian conquest of Italy and the imperial crown, The Salians, the papacy, and the princes, 1024–1125, Hohenstaufen cooperation and conflict with the papacy, 1152–1215, The empire after the Hohenstaufen catastrophe, The extinction of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, The rise of the Habsburgs and Luxembourgs, The growth of territorialism under the princes, Constitutional conflicts in the 14th century, Developments in the individual states to about 1500, German society, economy, and culture in the 14th and 15th centuries, Imperial election of 1519 and the Diet of Worms, Lutheran church organization and confessionalization, The Thirty Years’ War and the Peace of Westphalia, Territorial states in the age of absolutism, The consolidation of Brandenburg-Prussia and Austria, Further rise of Prussia and the Hohenzollerns, Enlightened reform and benevolent despotism, The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic era, The age of Metternich and the era of unification, 1815–71, The 1850s: years of political reaction and economic growth, Bismarck’s national policies: the restriction of liberalism, Franco-German conflict and the new German Reich, The rise and fall of the Weimar Republic, 1918–33, Years of economic and political stabilization, Allied occupation and the formation of the two Germanys, 1945–49, Formation of the Federal Republic of Germany, Formation of the German Democratic Republic, Political consolidation and economic growth, 1949–69, Helmut Kohl and the struggles of reunification, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Germany, Germany - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Germany - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The longest river in Germany is the Rhine. Germany is bounded by the North Sea in the northwest and by the Baltic Sea in the northeast. Snow-covered Zugspitze, Germany's highest point is found here. Germany is also the 2nd most populous country in Europe and the most populous member-state of EU. Before the Kosovo crisis, Germans had not participated in an armed conflict since World War II. Legal Name: Federal Republic of Germany: Capital City: Berlin: 52 31 N, 13 24 E: Independence: 18 January 1871 (establishment of the German Empire); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed on 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; …

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